ENHANCING STUDENTS’ MOTIVATION IN LEARNING FOREIGN LANGUAGES
Keywords:
Motivation; foreign language learning; types of motivation; online learning.Abstract
Motivation is considered one of the main contributors to academic success, especially in foreign language learning classes that have little contact with the target language community. This is because highly motivated students are more willing to learn and engage in the lesson, which allows them to absorb more information that helps them succeed in language learning. Therefore, motivation is viewed as an internal force that drives students to perform well to their abilities. However, it should be noted that motivation in foreign language learning is complex because each language learner enters the classroom with different levels of motivation, which requires teachers to be creative in designing lessons to help them achieve their needs and goals. This article discusses common types of motivation and their importance, as well as ways to maintain students' motivation in language learning. The article concludes with various classroom tips that may be helpful in keeping students motivated to learn during the COVID-19 pandemic.
References
1. Assor A., Kaplan H., Roth G. Choice Is Good, but Relevance Is Excellent: Autonomy-Enhancing and Suppressing Teacher Behaviours Predicting Students’ Engagement in Schoolwork // British Journal of Educational Psychology. – 2002. – Vol. 72, No. 2. – P. 261–278. DOI: 10.1348/000709902158883.
2. Brown D.H. Principles of Language Learning and Teaching. – 4th ed. – New York: Addison Wesley Longman, 2000.
3. Brophy J. Motivating Students to Learn. – 3rd ed. – New York: Routledge, 2010. DOI: 10.4324/9780203858318.
4. Brown H.D. Strategies for Success: A Practical Guide to Learning English. – New York: Addison Wesley Longman, 2002.
5. Chow S.J., Yong B.C.S. Secondary School Students’ Motivation and Achievement in Combined Science // US-China Education Review B. – 2013. – Vol. 3, No. 4. – P. 213–228.
6. Cho Y.-G. The Relationship Between L2 Learning Motivation and Context Among Korean EFL Students // English Teaching. – 2012. – Vol. 67, No. 1. – P. 79–105. DOI: 10.15858/engtea.67.1.201203.79.
7. Csikszentmihalyi M., Nakamura J. The Dynamics of Intrinsic Motivation: A Study of Adolescents // Flow and the Foundations of Positive Psychology: The Collected Works of Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi / Ed. by M. Csikszentmihalyi. – Dordrecht: Springer, 2014. – P. 175–197. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9088-8_12.
8. Dickinson L. Autonomy and Motivation: A Literature Review // System. – 1995. – Vol. 23, No. 2. – P. 165–174. DOI: 10.1016/0346-251X(95)00005-5.
9. Degrave P. Music in the Foreign Language Classroom: How and Why? // Journal of Language Teaching and Research. – 2019. – Vol. 10. – P. 412–420. DOI: 10.17507/jltr.1003.02.
10. Dolean D.D. The Effects of Teaching Songs During Foreign Language Classes on Students’ Foreign Language Anxiety // Language Teaching Research. – 2016. – Vol. 20, No. 5. – P. 638–653. DOI: 10.1177/1362168815606151.
11. Dörnyei Z. Motivation and Motivating in the Foreign Language Classroom // The Modern Language Journal. – 1994. – Vol. 78, No. 3. – P. 273–284. DOI: 10.2307/330107.
12. Dörnyei Z. Conceptualizing Motivation in Foreign-Language Learning // Language Learning. – 1990. – Vol. 40, No. 1. – P. 45–78. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-1770.1990.tb00954.x.
13. Dörnyei Z. Motivational Strategies in the Language Classroom. – Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
14. Dörnyei Z., Csizér K. Ten Commandments for Motivating Language Learners: Results of an Empirical Study // Language Teaching Research. – 1998. – Vol. 2, No. 3. – P. 203–229. DOI: 10.1177/136216889800200303.
15. Dörnyei Z. Motivating Students and Teachers // The TESOL Encyclopedia of English Language Teaching / Ed. by J.I. Liontas. – Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, 2018. – P. 1–6. DOI: 10.1002/9781118784235.eelt0128.
16. Dörnyei Z., Kubanyiova M. Motivating Learners, Motivating Teachers: Building Vision in the Language Classroom. – Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014.
17. Engh D. Why Use Music in English Language Learning? A Survey of the Literature // English Language Teaching. – 2013. – Vol. 6, No. 2. – P. 113–127. DOI: 10.5539/elt.v6n2p113.
18. Dörnyei Z., Ushioda E. Teaching and Researching Motivation. – 2nd ed. – London: Routledge, 2011. DOI: 10.4324/9781315833750.
19. Filgona J., Sakiyo J., Gwany D.M., Okoronka A.U. Motivation in Learning // Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies. – 2020. – Vol. 10, No. 4. – P. 16–37. DOI: 10.9734/ajess/2020/v10i430273.
20. Farrell T.S.C., Jacobs G. Essentials for Successful English Language Teaching. – London: Continuum International Publishing Group, 2010.
21. Gardner R.C., Lambert W.E. Attitudes and Motivation in Second Language Learning. – Rowley, MA: Newbury House, 1972.
22. Gardner R.C. Social Psychology and Second Language Learning: The Role of Attitude and Motivation. – London: Edward Arnold, 1985.
23. Gilakjani A.P., Leong L.-M., Sabouri N.B. A Study on the Role of Motivation in Foreign Language Learning and Teaching // International Journal of Modern Education and Computer Science. – 2012. – Vol. 4, No. 7. – P. 9–16. DOI: 10.5815/ijmecs.2012.07.02.
24. Harmer J. The Practice of English Language Teaching. – 5th ed. – Harlow: Pearson Education, 2015.
25. Hadfield J., Dörnyei Z. Motivating Learning. – London: Routledge, 2014. DOI: 10.4324/9781315833286.
26. Harmer J. The Practice of English Language Teaching. – 3rd ed. – Harlow: Longman, 2001.
27. Heng K., Sol K. Online Learning During COVID-19: Key Challenges and Suggestions to Enhance Effectiveness // Cambodian Journal of Educational Research. – 2021. – Vol. 1, No. 1. – P. 3–16.
28. Maslow A.H. Motivation and Personality. – 2nd ed. – New York: Harper & Row, 1970.
29. Leaver B.L., Ehrman M., Shekhtman B. Achieving Success in Second Language Acquisition. – Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
30. Martin A. How to Optimize Online Learning in the Age of Coronavirus // UNSW Newsroom. – 2020. – March 16.
31. Niemiec C.P., Ryan R.M. Autonomy, Competence, and Relatedness in the Classroom: Applying Self-Determination Theory to Educational Practice // Theory and Research in Education. – 2009. – Vol. 7, No. 2. – P. 133–144.
32. McCoach D.B., Flake J.K. The Role of Motivation // APA Handbook of Giftedness and Talent / Ed. by S.I. Pfeiffer, E. Shaunessy-Dedrick, M. Foley-Nicpon. – Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2018. – P. 201–213.
33. Ryan R.M., Deci E.L. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations: Classic Definitions and New Directions // Contemporary Educational Psychology. – 2000. – Vol. 25, No. 1. – P. 54–67.
34. Oxford R., Shearin J. Language Learning Motivation: Expanding the Theoretical Framework // The Modern Language Journal. – 1994. – Vol. 78, No. 1. – P. 12–28.
35. Stavredes T. Effective Online Teaching: Foundations and Strategies for Student Success. – San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2011.
36. Schunk D.H., Meece J.L., Pintrich P.R. Motivation in Education: Theory, Research and Applications. – 4th ed. – Boston: Pearson, 2014.
37. Thohir L. Motivation in a Foreign Language Teaching and Learning // Vision: Journal for Language and Foreign Language Learning. – 2017. – Vol. 6, No. 1. – P. 20–28.
38. Sun S. Online Learning During COVID-19: Challenges and Opportunities // English Language Teaching, Education, and Online Learning in Cambodia During COVID-19 / Ed. by K. Heng, S. Kaing, V. Ros, K. Sol. – Phnom Penh, 2020. – P. 52–56.
39. Wang A.I., Tahir R. The Effect of Using Kahoot! for Learning: A Literature Review // Computers & Education. – 2020. – Vol. 149. – Article 103818. DOI: 10.1016/j.compedu.2020.103818.
40. Ushioda E. Motivation, Autonomy and Metacognition: Exploring Their Interactions // Motivation and Foreign Language Learning: From Theory to Practice / Ed. by D. Lasagabaster, A. Doiz, J.M. Sierra. – Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2014. – P. 31–49.
41. Woolway H. Teacher’s Tone of Voice in the Classroom and How It Affects Students // Scholarly Commons. – 2021.
42. Williams M., Burden R. Motivation in Language Learning: A Social Constructivist Approach // Cahiers de l’APLIUT. – 1997. – Vol. 16, No. 3. – P. 19–27. DOI: 10.3406/apliu.1997.1201.